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Discover the Sapphire natural gemstone colour description, provenance and science behind. SAPPHIRE Sapphire is a precious gemstone that belongs to the corundum mineral family, which also includes ruby. It is one of the most popular gemstones in the world, prized for its vivid blue colour and remarkable durability. Sapphires are typically found in igneous rocks and alluvial deposits, with some of the most famous sources being found in Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Myanmar, and Australia. Sapphire is the birthstone for the month of September and has a hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, making it one of the hardest gemstones after diamond. Heritage Sapphires have been treasured for their beauty and durability for thousands of years. In ancient times, they were believed to protect the wearer from harm and were worn as talismans by kings and queens. The Persians believed that the earth rested on a giant sapphire and that its reflection gave the sky its blue colour. In medieval Europe, sapphires were thought to have healing powers and were used to treat a range of ailments. The British royal family has a long history of using sapphires in their jewellery, with some of the most famous examples being the engagement ring of Princess Diana, now worn by the Duchess of Cambridge, and the sapphire and diamond coronation necklace of Queen Elizabeth II. Physical Properties Sapphire is a mineral made of aluminum oxide and typically has a hexagonal crystal structure. It has a refractive index of 1.76 to 1.77, which is higher than most other gemstones, giving it exceptional brilliance and sparkle. Sapphires can be found in a range of colours, including blue, pink, yellow, green, and purple, and can also be colourless or black. The presence of trace elements such as iron, titanium, and chromium can affect the colour of a sapphire. Colour While sapphires come in many different colours, blue is by far the most popular and well-known. Blue sapphires can range from pale, almost colourless stones to deep, rich shades of blue. The most valuable and sought-after blue sapphires have a vivid, intense colour that is evenly distributed throughout the stone called " Royal Blue ". Orange-pink sapphire are one of the most sought after variety of sapphire, called " Padparadscha sapphire ". Pink sapphires are also highly prized, especially those with a vivid, hot pink colour. Treatments Most sapphires on the market have been treated in some way to enhance their colour or clarity. Heat treatment is the most common form of treatment, which involves heating the sapphire to different temperatures to enhance its colour, from 500 to 1800 degree celsius. Some sapphires are also treated with fracture filling, which may be oil, resin or filling any fractures or cavities within the stone with a glass-like substance to improve its clarity. Other treatments include diffusion, which involves adding trace elements to the surface of the stone to improve its colour, and irradiation, which uses radiation to change the colour of the stone. Discover more on sapphire treatment here. Geographic Origin Sapphires are found in many countries around the world, but some of the most famous sources include Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Myanmar, and Australia. Sri Lanka has a long history of producing high-quality sapphires, especially those with a light to medium blue colour. Madagascar is known for producing sapphires with a range of colours, including pink, yellow, and green. Myanmar, also known as Burma, is famous for producing sapphires with a deep, intense blue colour. Australia is another important source of sapphires, with most of its production coming from the state of Queensland. Synthetic Synthetic sapphire are man-made sapphires that are produced in a laboratory setting using advanced technological processes. Sapphires can be produced synthetically using the flame fusion (Melt), the flux-melt process or the hydrothermal process. Synthetic sapphires have been produced since the early 1900s, and they are widely used in industrial applications such as watch crystals and laser components. Others Sapphires are widely used in jewelry, particularly in rings, earrings, and necklaces. They are also used in watches and other decorative items. Due to their hardness and durability, Sapphires are ideal for everyday wear. Back to the Gem Encyclopedia

Discover the Padparadscha sapphire trade name colour description, provenance and science behind. Decouvrez la description du saphir couleur Padparadscha. PADPARADSCHA Sapphire Provenance Padparadscha sapphire is traditionally used to describe the most beautiful orange-pink sapphire colours of Sri Lanka. The ancient Sinhalese used the word "Padmaraga ", literally "colour of the Lotus" in Sanskrit, to describe a similar sapphire colour from at least the early Middle Ages. The sacred lotus flower is intimately linked to Buddhist philosophy. Legend has it that Gautama Buddha took seven steps after his birth and at each step lotus flowers bloomed. It symbolises the emergence of beauty with its bright petals in the midst of dark, muddy waters. In the Hindu religion, the orange-pink lotus is considered the seat of the goddess of wealth and good fortune "Lakshmi ", who appeared on a lotus and was known as "Padma ". Whether adorning temple walls, being eaten, used as a cosmetic and perfume, or offered as a sacred flower for worship, the lotus flower has great significance on the gemstone island. In fact, one of the oldest paintings of a lotus is found in an ancient temple in Matale. It is easy to assume that with such a legacy, this delicate and extremely rare blend of colours was first cherished by early gem dealers in Sri Lanka due to its association with good fortune and religious heritage, later travelling to the Western world via the Silk Road and the British Empire. Today, the Padparadscha sapphire is cherished by royalty, such as Princess Eugenie's 2018 engagement ring, as well as gem connoisseurs around the world. Padparadscha Sapphire ring sold at Sotheby's auctions. Definition Colour has the greatest influence on the value of a sapphire. Padparadscha describes sapphire with a delicate blend of orange-pink, the pink being the dominant hue, with a low to medium saturation, the tones should be light to medium. For more information on colour classification, see here . Fluorescence of padparadscha in the long-wave ultraviolet (365 nm) is often strong to medium orange. The almost magical " glowing " apricot colour produced by the Padparadscha sapphire absorption of the sun's ultraviolet light to produce an additional layer of orange adds an important component to its colour. It is therefore not surprising that many of the sapphires we may call "Padparadscha" come from low iron type sapphires with very strong orange fluorescence, such as Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Clarity has a very important influence on the value of a orangy pink sapphire. Padparadscha sapphire must be flawless, preferably clean to the eye, or at least transparent, without pronounced inclusions that are very visible under the table. The colour uniformity must be excellent to evenly distributed. Cut plays a very important role in the colour of a sapphire. Padparadscha should have excellent to good proportions to maximise total internal reflection and should not show significant windowing (transparent area) or extinction area when viewed face up. Treatment of padparadscha sapphire is acceptable only for no treatment or traditional heating. Therefore, any other treatment such as diffusion of foreign ions into the ruby lattice, such as beryllium, fracture sealing with resin, or lead and silicate glass, will not be granted a gemmological report and as such not qualified for Padparadscha or any other colour grading. Padparadscha Sapphire next to a sacred lotus flower. Reference collection Bellerophon Gemlab. Science The classification of the colour of a gemstone is both an art and a science. The adjective "Padparadscha" combines many facts about a sapphire. The hue, saturation and tones must fall within a predetermined range for the sapphire to be considered "Padparadscha". The orange-pink colour of sapphires is most of the time the result of two chromophores: chromium for the pink and iron as a colour center (iron associated with a trapped hole) for the orange. It replaces some of the aluminium atoms in the structure, the more chromium, the pinker the sapphire, and the more iron as a colour center the orangier the sapphire. The orange fluorescence is speculated to be related to the presence of trapped hole as well. The approximate chromium content in most Padparadscha is between 20 to 300 atoms per million and about 2 to 8 iron colour center per million. However the orange colour in sapphire can be produced by 3 others chromophores, iron alone and in pairs, iron as a colour center and chromium as a colour center. Making the proper definition of Padparadscha chromophore complicated. Quantifying the chromophores present in a padparadscha provides a good starting point for colour comparison without the influence of other factors such as the path of light through the stone and reflections. By combining this method with natural long-wave ultraviolet spectrophotometry as well as the overall proportions of the stone, we can analyse the most influential colour factors separately and compare them to our reference collection of "padparadscha" sapphires. It should be noted that although most of the data analysed when classifying the colour of a sapphire is empirical, the combination of interpretations of this data for a padparadscha is in the realm of comparative analysis. To add to the complexity, a padparadscha colour can also behave very differently depending on the lighting conditions created by different geographical locations around the world. In conclusion, sapphires that may be called "padparadscha" describe the most delicate orange-pink colour with the incorporation of clarity, fluorescence, proportions and treatments prerequisite. Padparadscha Sapphire Fluorescence. Reference collection Bellerophon Gemlab. Padparadscha Criteria Hue Tone Saturation Fluorescence Clarity Homogeneity Total Internal Reflection Treatment Orangy Pink to Orange Pink Light to medium Medium Faint to strong Flawless to transparent Excellent to very good Excellent to very good (>70%) None or traditional heating Padparadscha colour grades Discover Royal blue sapphire > Discover Pigeon's Blood ruby >

Reference No. : Weight : R-201916641 9392 Click to Download File

Enter the innovative world of gemology and all the secret about your gemstone with Bellerophon Gemlab. Discover the identification, treatments and origin of your gems with our Gemmological Report. Bellerophon Gemlab menu About Discover our Team The Nomenclature of our Report Learn about our Technology The Blockchain Traceability Helping the Environment Giving Back to those in need The World Record Ruby by Bellerophon All our Services Gemstone Report Diamond Report Gemstone Testing Gemstone Privilege Gemstone Traceability Latest News Store Gemstone Identification Software Gemstone Encyclopedia Color Grading Pigeon's Blood Royal Blue Padparadscha Chameleon Sapphire Contact us Price List Verification Legal Career Term of Use Bellerophon | Gemlab Copyright © 2023 Bellerophon | Gemlab

Reference No. : Weight : R-201920502 1907 Click to Download File

All the technology and analytical tools used by bellerophon Gemlab for the testing and gemstone report. It includes how we collect data on ruby, emerald, sapphire, and many more, data such as FTIR, Raman, EDXRF, and photoluminesence. NEWS & ARTICLES Analytical tools. Technology Analytical tools used at Bellerophon | Gemlab Microscope Backbones of gemmology, the microscope enables gemologists to make an diagnostic regarding the genesis, absence, or indications of treatments, and origin determinations, by studying the inclusions under high magnification. -Genesis -Treatment detection -Origin determination Digital Microscope The digital microscope enables gemologist to study a gemstone from anywhere in the world, and magnification power is greatly increased from a regular microscope, our Keyences VHX6000 enable us to observe inside a gemstone at 5,000x magnification. Refractometer The refractometer measures the extent of light refraction, as light passes through the gemstone from the air it will slow down and create refraction, the severity of the refraction will depend on the mineral composition, very useful information for identification. -Identification Specific gravity Specific Gravity (SG) is the ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. It measures the density of a mineral, based on the earth's gravity, which depends on the chemical composition and crystal structure of a gemstone, very valuable information for identification. -Identification Polariscope The polariscope enables us to distinguish between isotropic and anisotropic transparent minerals. -Identification Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy The FTIR spectrometer simultaneously collects high-resolution spectral data over a wide spectral range. Bellerophon uses it to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption of a gemstone, Extremely important information for identification, treatments detection, and genesis. -Identification -Genesis of emerald for exemple -Treatment detection such as low heat in corundum -Origin determination Raman Spectroscopy & Micro Spectrometry Raman spectroscopy provides a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. Raman spectroscopy relies upon the inelastic scattering of photons, knowns as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, laser of 532nm, or 785nm interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons, or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. -Identification -Genesis of Quartz for exemple -Treatment detection such as oil and resin -Origin determination Photoluminescence Spectroscopy Photoluminescence spectroscopy, abbreviated as PL and the laser used such as PL313, PL532 is light emission from a gemstone after the absorption of photons. it is one of many forms of luminescence and is initiated by photoexcitation (photons that excite electrons to a higher energy level in an atom). -Identification -Genesis of Spinel for example -Treatment detection Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence In EDXRF spectroscopy, all of the elements in the gemstone are excited simultaneously, and an energy dispersive detector in combination with a multi-channel analyzer is used to simultaneously collect the fluorescence radiation emitted from the sample and then separate the different energies of the characteristic radiation from each of the different elements. it enables gemologists to know and quantify (semi-quantitatively) all elements present in samples from Sodium (Na) to Uranium (U). -Genesis of corundum for example -Treatment detection such as lead glass -Origin determination Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is atomic emission spectroscopy that uses a high-energy laser pulse as the excitation source. The laser is focused to form a plasma, which atomizes and excites a small part of the gemstone. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is considered as a quasi non destructive testing due to the fact that the laser ablate a microscopic part of your gemstone, creating an approx ~0.20 mm hole. -Treatment detection for Beryllium diffusion in corundum -Origin determination of emerald Ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectroscopy UV-vis refers to the absorption in part of the ultraviolet and the full visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. It uses light in the visible range. The absorption in the visible range directly affects the perceived colour of the elements involved (chromophores). -Origin determination Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometry and Imaging Spectrophotometry is a branch of electromagnetic spectroscopy concerned with the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength. The absorption of light is due to the interaction of light with the electronic and vibrational modes of molecules. Each type of molecule has an individual set of energy levels associated with the makeup of its chemical bonds and nuclei and thus will absorb light of specific wavelengths, or energies, resulting in unique spectral properties. This is based upon its specific and distinct makeup. -Origin determination -Genesis -Colour Grading -Treatments Visit Bellerophon Colour Grading >

Discover the Pigeon blood ruby trade name colour description, provenance and science behind. Decouvrez la description du rubi couleur sang de pigeon. PIGEON BLOOD Ruby Provenance Pigeon blood ruby is traditionally used to describe the finest colours of Burmese (Myanmar) ruby. The Burmese legend of the first ruby in the Mogok Valley describes it as having been mistaken for the purest blood by a magical being. The legend is described in Jesseph Kessel's "Valley of the Rubies" as follows: "A huge piece of fresh flesh was shining on the side of a hill. And this flesh was of such quality that the old eagle, who had hunted so long above the boundless world, had never seen it before. It was the colour of the brightest, purest, sweetest blood. And all the light of the day seemed made for it, so sparkling was it. [...] It was not a piece of meat that glistened in the grass of the hill, but a miraculous and sacred stone, a stone like no other, made of the fire and blood of the earth. [...] This stone was the first ruby in the world." This legend goes back at least to the Middle Ages, the earliest mention known to us of Pigeon blood is the story of the famous royal ruby or Nga Mauk ruby described as being of the colour of pigeon's blood. Another legend mentions that Burmese warriors in medieval times put rubies in contact with their blood to gain invulnerability in battle. The ancient Greeks believed that rubies were a remnant of a god's blood. Red has always been associated with blood, sacrifice and courage. Modern studies in Europe and the United States show that red is the colour most associated with heat, passion, sexuality, love and joy. In China, India and many Asian countries, red is the colour that symbolises happiness and good fortune. It is therefore not surprising that pigeon's blood, which most probably recalls the red colour of a pigeon's fresh blood or the blood-red ring surrounding a pigeon's eyes, became the historical adjective describing the best red, first by the Burmese and then by the traders along the Silk Road. It may have been the best red they could find at the time, or it may be a poetic term reminiscent of a long lost Burmese legend. Definition Colour has the greatest influence on the value of a ruby. Pigeon's blood describes rubies with a pure red to very slightly purplish red hue, with a vivid saturation, which can in rare cases range from intense to deep, the tones should be medium to medium dark. For more information on colour classification, see here . Fluorescence of pigeon's blood rubies in the long-wave ultraviolet (365 nm) is preferably strong to medium, with some rare cases of faint red. The almost magical " glowing " red produced by the ruby's absorption of the sun's ultraviolet light to produce an additional layer of pure red (699 nm) adds an important component to its colour. It is therefore not surprising that many of the rubies we may call "pigeon's blood" come from low iron rubies with very strong red fluorescence, such as Burma (Myanmar) with Mogok and Mong Hsu, and Vietnam with Luc Yen. However, mafic-ultramafic rubies, such as those from Mozambique and Madagascar, with low to medium iron content, can also show spectacular fluorescence, thus fulfilling all the colour requirements to be called "pigeon's blood". Clarity has a very important influence on the value of a ruby. Pigeon's blood ruby must be flawless, preferably clean to the eye, or at least transparent, without pronounced inclusions that are very visible under the table. The colour uniformity must be excellent or evenly distributed. Cut plays a very important role in the colour of a ruby. Pigeon blood rubies should have excellent to good proportions to maximise total internal reflection. Pigeon blood rubies should not show significant windowing (transparent area) and/or extinction when viewed face up. Treatment of pigeon blood rubies is acceptable only for no treatment or traditional heating. Therefore, any other treatment such as diffusion of foreign ions into the ruby lattice, such as beryllium, fracture sealing with resin, or lead and silicate glass, will not be granted a gemmological report and as such not qualified for Pigeon blood or any other colour grading. Pigeon blood ruby fluorescence and under daylight illumination. Reference collection Bellerophon Gemlab. Science The classification of the colour of a gemstone is both an art and a science. The adjective "pigeon's blood" combines many facts about a ruby. Classifying the colour of a transparent anisotropic material is not as simple as it sounds. The hue, saturation and tones must fall within a predetermined range for the ruby to be considered "pigeon blood". The red colour of rubies is the result of a major chromophore: chromium. It replaces some of the aluminium atoms in the structure, the more chromium, the redder the ruby, and the stronger the fluorescence, this is true up to a point, too much and the ruby will be dark to almost black, and the fluorescence will be greatly reduced. The approximate chromium content in most rubies is between 0.1 and 4%. Two other chromophores almost always play a role in ruby: iron and titanium (Fe3+ alone and/or Fe+3 in pairs, and Fe2+ in pairs with Ti4+). The iron content tends to make the ruby orange, decreasing the red saturation and increasing its tone as well as killing the fluorescence, while titanium (in pairs with iron) makes the ruby purplish. Quantifying the chromophores present in a ruby provides a good starting point for colour comparison without the influence of other factors such as the path of light through the stone and reflections. By combining this method with natural long-wave ultraviolet spectrophotometry to correctly quantify the fluorescence present, as well as the overall proportions of the stone, we can analyse the most influential colour factors separately and compare them to our reference collection of "pigeon's blood" rubies. It should be noted that although most of the data analysed when classifying the colour of a ruby is empirical, the combination of interpretations of this data for a pigeon's blood ruby is in the realm of comparative analysis. To add to the complexity, a ruby can also behave very differently depending on the lighting conditions created by different geographical locations around the world. In conclusion, rubies that can be called "pigeon's blood" basically describe the most vivid colour with the incorporation of clarity, fluorescence, proportions and treatments prerequisite. Pigeon Blood Criteria Hue Tone Saturation Fluorescence Clarity Homogeneity Total Internal Reflection Treatment Red to very slightly purplish red Medium to medium dark Intense to vivid Medium to strong Flawless to transparent Excellent to very good Excellent to very good (>70%) None or traditional heating Ruby colour grades Discover Royal blue sapphire> Discover Padparadscha sapphire>